C Language Roadmap

1. Basic Concepts (2-3 weeks)

1.1 Introduction to C
- Overview of C language
- History and key features
- Understanding the structure of a C program
1.2 Setting up the Environment
- Installing a C compiler (GCC or IDE like Code::Blocks)
- Writing and compiling a simple C program
- Understanding basic syntax
1.3 Data Types and Variables
- Primitive data types (int, char, float, double)
- Declaring and initializing variables
- Scope of variables (local, global)
1.4 Operators
- Arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators
- Increment and decrement operators
- Assignment and conditional (ternary) operators
1.5 Input/Output Functions
- Using printf() and scanf() for console input/output
- Formatting specifiers for different data types
1.6 Control Flow
- Conditional statements (if, else if, else)
- Switch-case statement
1.7 Loops
- for, while, do-while loops
- Break and continue statements

2.1 Functions
- Defining and declaring functions
- Function arguments (pass by value)
- Return values and void functions
- Recursion (basic understanding)
2.2 Arrays
- Declaring and initializing arrays
- Accessing elements of an array
- Multidimensional arrays (2D arrays)
2.3 Strings
- Character arrays for string representation
- Common string manipulation functions (strlen, strcpy, etc.)
- String input/output
2.4 Pointers
- Understanding memory addresses
- Pointer declaration and initialization
- Pointer arithmetic
- Pointers with arrays and functions
2.5 Dynamic Memory Allocation
- Using malloc(), calloc(), free()
- Working with dynamic arrays and structures
2.6 Structures
- Defining and using structures
- Accessing structure members
- Nested structures
- Pointers to structures

3.1 File Handling
- Opening and closing files
- Reading and writing data using file pointers (fopen, fclose, fprintf, fscanf, etc.)
- Random access in files (seeking positions)
3.2 Preprocessors and Macros
- Preprocessor directives (#define, #include)
- Creating and using macros
- Conditional compilation (#ifdef, #ifndef, etc.)
3.3 Advanced Pointers
- Pointers to pointers
- Pointer arrays
- Function pointers and callbacks
3.4 Command Line Arguments
- Understanding argc and argv
- Handling command-line inputs in C programs
3.5 Memory Management
- Understanding memory leaks
- Best practices for memory management

4.1 Data Structures in C
- Implementing stacks, queues, linked lists
- Trees, graphs, and hash tables using structures and pointers
4.2 Algorithms
- Sorting algorithms (bubble sort, quicksort, merge sort)
- Searching algorithms (linear search, binary search)
- Time and space complexity analysis
4.3 Multithreading
- Basic understanding of concurrent programming
- Using POSIX threads (pthreads)
4.4 Networking and Sockets
- Introduction to socket programming
- Writing basic TCP/UDP client-server programs
4.5 C Libraries and Makefiles
- Using standard libraries (math, string, etc.)
- Creating static and dynamic libraries
- Using make and Makefiles for project management

Develop small to medium-sized projects like a calculator, simple text editor, etc.
Contribute to open-source projects in C
Work on real-world applications (system-level programming, embedded systems, etc.)