Welcome to C++ Programming Tutorial

Your guide to getting started with C++ programming.

Code Example: Reference Variables in C++

This example demonstrates how reference variables work in C++. Below is the code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    float a = 56.54;
    float &b = a;

    cout << "a: " << a << endl;
    cout << "b: " << b << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

Reference Variables: The code demonstrates how to use a reference variable (float &b = a;), which is another name for an existing variable a. Any changes made to b will also affect a because both refer to the same memory location.

Code Example: Typecasting and sizeof Operator

This example demonstrates the use of typecasting and the sizeof operator in C++. Below is the code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    float x = 12.23;

    cout << "typecasting: " << int(x) << endl;
    cout << "typecasting: " << (int)x << endl;

    cout << "sizeof(12.23l): " << sizeof(12.23l) << " bytes (long double)" << endl;
    cout << "sizeof(12.23L): " << sizeof(12.23L) << " bytes (long double)" << endl;
    cout << "sizeof(12.23f): " << sizeof(12.23f) << " bytes (float)" << endl;
    cout << "sizeof(12.23F): " << sizeof(12.23F) << " bytes (float)" << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

Typecasting: This section shows two ways of converting a float to an integer: using the int() function and using C-style casting.
sizeof Operator: The sizeof operator is used to determine the size of different floating-point literals in bytes, depending on their types (e.g., double, long double, float).